Citizenship in School

The article “Citizenship in School: Reconceptualizing Down Syndrome” by Christopher Kliewer talks about the importance of having students with special needs in the same classroom with students who do not have special needs.

It states that “the challenge is to erase negative attitudes about people with developmental disabilities, get rid of stereotypes and break the barriers for people with disabilities.” I think that this quote is very true, some people have very negative views of people with disabilities, when in reality there is no reason to have such a negative connotation. Some people with disabilities can have such vast knowledge on certain subjects; for example, there was a boy in my high school who had some sort of disability, but he loved reading. He was constantly reading and was able to excel far beyond anyone in our English class, because he could retain the information he read immediately and genuinely loved every book we would read. I think it is important for classes to have disabled and non-disabled students because “many of us have a certain level of control over who we meet and interact with, none of us can come close to claiming complete control.” If children never have the experience of having and working with disabled children in their classrooms, they could have false ideas about people with disabilities. If a child is able to have experience with someone with disabilities at a young age, later in their lives I think that they are more likely to be accepting and have a better understanding about people with disabilities. The article stated that “acceptance is the aim when children with Down syndrome join their nondisabled peers in classrooms, and many school and individual teachers have entered into this effort.” One school I know of that does this is the Meeting Street School in Providence they have all inclusive classrooms. I learned about this school a couple of years ago and it was something that really interested me because in the schools that I had attended never had disabled students in the same classroom as nondisabled students. The link tells a little bit more about Meeting Street School and what they aim to do: http://www.meetingstreet.org/AboutUs/AboutMeetingStreet/tabid/142/Default.aspx

Literacy with an Attitude:

In the reading Literacy with an Attitude by Patrick J. Finn, the part I found most interesting was when he touched on the topic of the working-class, middle class and elite schools.

 The working class students were viewed as students who did not care about school, or succeeding. They were expected to work at low-paying jobs that no one else wanted. However, these are false depictions of these students it is stated that the students don’t care about school, are lazy and stupid but “you have to keep reminding yourself that these children did not have low IQ scores. They were working-class children with average intelligence, some with better than average intelligence.” The work that they were expected to do in school was easy, and could have been boring for them. “In the working-class schools, social studies instruction typically consisted of copying teachers’ notes, writing answers to textbook questions, and craft projects.” I think it’s hard for students to be interested in learning when they are just copying notes and not making any real life connections or having hands on activities especially in elementary school. The working-class students learned to how to follow directions, aspire to get low-paying jobs, and learned to resist authority. The middle-class students learned to follow orders, perform the jobs that kept society running smoothly. They learned that if the cooperated they would get well-paid middle class jobs. The students in the middle-class schools did not have much excitement for school, they believed that going to school would equal good grades, which would lead to college and then in the future acquiring a middle-class job. Lastly, the elite schools were the schools that set students up for success. “The dominant theme in the executive elite school was excellence- preparation for being the best, for top-quality performance.” In these schools, students were taught how to be creative and they were expected to find the rewards work. They were taught to be “masters of the universe.” I find this interesting because I feel that every school should want their students to be successful; they should not be classified because of where they come from, they should each get an equal opportunity to be prosperous. This is an article of schools in Perth's poorest area, they are trying to make changes and advances in their schools to help their students, which I think all school districts should do if they have students that struggle, or are not in the best areas. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-11/disadvantaged-perth-schools-benefit-from-leadership-program/6355770

Becoming Something Different: Learning from Esme

      

The reading Becoming Something Different: Learning from Esme by Fairbanks, Crooks and Ariail tells a story of three professors who studied Esme, a Mexican girl living in the United States, from grades six to eleven. They studied how she assimilated into American culture, through school, friends and family life. I found this particular article very interesting because it brought up many ideas that we have discussed in class. In the beginning of the article it touches on the fact that “these researchers argue that perceptions of Latina/o students as lacking English proficiency, adequate motivation, and parental support, combined with the school’s devaluing of cultural practices different from the mainstream, too often position Latina/o students as deficient (Gonzalez, 2001)”. Throughout this whole reading, all I could think about was the Kozol and Rodriguez readings that we did earlier in the semester. In one of Esme’s interviews it stated that “Esme positioned Spanish-language dominance and her family’s traditional ways as obstacles to be overcome in school in order to fit into the social life at school.” For example, she knew English, but found that she was not completely proficient putting her at a disadvantage in the classroom, she was also not allowed to go to the mall after school with her friends without supervision, she was not allowed to date boys and at times she was requited to come home right after school to take care of her younger brothers and sisters, instead of joining an after school clubs or activities. This reminds me of the article An Indian Father’s Plea, when Wind-Wolf was embarrassed to his long hair and did not want to be a part of the Indian traditions any longer. The pressure to fit in at school can be a lot for someone to handle. Middle and high school can be difficult enough as it is, standing out can make things even more complicated. Esme said that “she identified herself as an American of Mexican heritage rather than a Mexican girl living in the United States, as her parents saw her”. Esme viewed herself as American because she grew up here most of her life, this is where all her friends are and the thought of going back to Mexico scared her because in her mind she viewed it as a scary place.

The Other Three R's

       I watched the video The Other Three R’s with Gloria Ladson-Billings, Michael Lomax, and Gary Orfield, they stated that the Brown v Board of Edu created equal opportunities for all students in schools as well as colleges. At the college level work study became available as did financial aid and scholarships. However, in the 1990s, it was said that the desegregation was temporary and things began to go back to the way they were before.

 

       Gloria Ladson-Billings stated that there were two major issues that have never fully been solved in society; the first is that schools were never fully segregated and the second was that there was never funding to allow them to run properly. Schools are mostly segregated by race and poverty levels. The video states that in the early ages African Americans and Latino students were deemed unable to participate in society, it was even illegal for them to learn how to read and write. Without knowing how to read and write makes it impossible to go to school. Without schooling and today, without a college degree it is very difficult for someone to obtain a job. For low income, high performing students of color the chances of going to college are one in ten, but for high income moderate performing white students they have a 90% chance. The top schools consist of mostly white and Asian students, and the lower tier schools are mostly black, and at these schools it is harder to graduate. This is a great example of white privilege.

       The other point they touched on was the fact that some of the teachers that teach in these low income areas, are not specifically certified to be teachers. Teachers that are teaching in high performing schools are certified and understand the importance of teaching. Some teachers in the lower performing schools do not have a certification. For example, there could be a chemistry teacher, but they could only have a degree in chemistry, not a teaching degree. In school, teaching to the test is something that is being done more and more, however, teaching to the test allows no room for creativity or fun in the classroom. Since the test scores have a direct effect on teachers, most teachers main priority is to teach in a place that they will be able to survive and keep their jobs. In most cases this means teaching in a high performing school. The low performing schools get stuck with teachers that are new to the teaching world and may not know how to handle the situations they are forced into. If teaching to the test was not such a big aspect, more teachers would want to teach in these places where kids are in need of a good quality teacher willing to do everything in their power to help the students understand the material. There has to be a way to figure out how to make disadvantaged schools become advantaged. The students at these disadvantaged schools are not unintelligent in any way, they are just so deep in poverty and the schools do not have enough resources, so they are fighting against a vast amount of problems.

 

        

In today’s society, the act of completing a certain amount of community service hours, or performing some form of community service is very prominent. The article “In the Service of What” by Kahne and Westheimer, touches on that fact that at times students may not understand the point of completing this community service; they know it is required so they complete it not really taking into consideration the point of it. Not only are students helping others when they perform community service but “service activities should develop students’ abilities at ‘public speaking, recruiting other students, organizing meetings, analyzing problems, developing action plans and conducting evaluations’”. I think that the idea of community service is a great thing, it teaches students at a young age that giving back to the community is important, and it can also open their eyes to see things differently than they had before. The article touches upon a story about middle class students were playing a concert for a lower class elementary school and the students as well as the parents were concerned. The parents thought it would be dangerous and the students thought that the elementary school children would be “rude, tough, and noisy”. After the students played their concert they realized that they had a misperception of what the young children were going to be like, most of the students were very attentive and paid attention through the whole concert. This is a perfect example of stereotypes, just because the elementary school was in a bad area does not mean that all the children attending the school were going to misbehave. I think this relates to our work in the Providence Elementary Schools, when I first went into it I was apprehensive because most of the children come from different backgrounds then I am used to, so I was unsure as to how the children would act and how I would react to it. It turns out that I had a false conception as well, every student that I have worked with was more than friendly and willing to do all their work and really enjoyed the one on one time they receive.
          It’s important for children to start to appreciate volunteer work at a young age, “by engaging in meaningful service- whether tutoring children whom English is their second language, helping patients in a hospital, doing difficult chores for the elderly, or supervising younger children’s recreational activities, students will have opportunities to experience what David Hornbeck, former Maryland state superintendent, referred to as ‘the joy of reaching out to others’”.  Regardless of the type of “service” someone is performing, the most important aspect I think is understanding and talking about why you’re doing it, I don’t think that writing an essay about it is beneficial. It should be discussed and what was gained out of the experience and how it changed your opinion on a specific topic, person, or group of people. Most high schools require at least a few hours of community service in order to graduate. Here is a link from debate.org that discusses different people's opinions whether it should be required or not: http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-community-service-be-required-to-graduate-high-school

Unlearning the Myths That Bind Us

As children, we are always watching television, movies or reading books that depicted how society should be, what roles each gender should play and who was portrayed as “high class” in our culture. Since children are watching this and seeing the way these books and movies describe how society should be, they believe what they see. “The secret-education, as Chilean writer Ariel Dorfman dubs it, delivered by children’s books and movies, instructs young people to accept the world as it is portrayed in these social blueprints”. It teaches the children that the things shown in the movies is how it should be in real life. For example, in most fairytales the point is to find a prince charming and live happily ever after. “These tales leave young woman with two myths: Happiness means getting a man, and transformation from a wretched conditions can be achieved through consumption- in their case, through new clothes and a new hairstyle”.  This quote is talking about Cinderella; she goes out searching for her prince charming, and her fairy god mother helps her become beautiful by dressing her up in new clothes, hair and makeup. This shows little girls that they should strive to find a boy in their lives, because that is when they will be happiest.

 

 Not only do the shows portray this, but media has a large impact on people in our society today. A teacher was talking to his class about this topic and realized that “no one wants to admit that they’ve been ‘handled’ by the media. They assure me that they make their own choices and the media has no power over them – as they sit with Fubu, Nike, Timberlands or whatever the latest fashion rage might be.” Many people do not even realize that the media entices them to buy the next best thing, whether it be the newest iPhone, or the latest clothing trend.

I found the article "Speaking the Unspeakable in Forbidden Places" by Alexandra Allen very interesting. Talking about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender is a subject that could be an uncomfortable subject to bring up in an elementary school classroom. An elementary school and the children inside it seem to portray a sense of innocence, and these subjects have been known to cause controversy. The "attempts to address what are seen as 'adult' issues are sometimes seen as intrusions into or threats to this safety zone." When I was in elementary school, I did not have any form of a health class where we could have an opportunity to address any of these issues. I think it is important to learn about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender at a young age, making it something that children are aware of, and could possibly be more accepting of. Also I think it is important because if a child is gay, lesbian etc, they may feel more comfortable coming out knowing they have learned about it and are aware that it is accepted in society. If it is a subject that is avoided, it makes it seem that it is looked down upon in our culture and should not be something that is accepted. The article states that "teachers should take responsibility for helping pupils to recognize sexuality and thereby work towards greater social justice." One of the teachers in the article did this, she rein acted Cinderella, making her a lesbian. Most of the children in her classroom viewed lesbians as manly, so she wanted them to have a knowledge that this is not always true so she made Cinderella not overly girly, but not manly in any sense. I liked that she was able to portray it in a way the kids may have not thought of before. At the end of this role play, the teacher came out as a lesbian, and all of the children in the classroom were very accepting of this. None of the kids looked at her in a different way and they were actually interested and had questions regarding her sexuality. This teacher took a huge step in the classroom by addressing sexuality not only as a wholes, but her own sexuality as well. I think it is very important for schools to have a place, club, or counselor that they are able to talk to about sensitive subjects, such as sexuality. "The researchers within the project have spent considerable time exploring how it might be possible to make safe spaces in which children can talk about sexualities and difference." If there is a place they can feel comfortable talking about such subjects they will be more apt to ask questions and have comments rather than holding it in or going on with unanswered questions. This subject can be difficult to talk about with children, but I think it is something that is very important and should be addressed. This video is a trailer for a documentary that was made talking to elementary school children about being gay, lesbian, and bisexual. It is interesting to see what the kids have to say and their view point on the topic.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWyj_OfQpnU